Weight Loss Stories With Visalus ShakeDon't Buy Before You Read This! Top Benefits: good appetite suppressant, exotic ingredients. Negative: high price, poor taste, high in calories, high sugars. The taste of the shake is not very appealing, but this is probably due to the fact that it has low sugar content, which is a must for this type of product. It is now well known that sugar plays a major role in weight gain, and while amounts have to be kept as low as possible in this type of product, you will need something to make it palatable. We suggest using Stevia or another natural sweetener to add flavor. While not terrible, it certainly is not preferred. The ideal amount should be closer to 1. There have been several studies written about the potential health issues that come with using soy products. Breast cancer, kidney stones, brain damage, and potential pregnancy issues are just a few of the problems you may encounter with soy. For that reason, we suggest not taking the chance with soy- based products.
Layoffs, lawsuits at once- hot direct- sales firm Vi. Salus. A lawsuit in U. S. District Court alleges that Troy- based Vi. Salus used giant checks like this one written out for $5. District Court in Detroit)A once- hot direct- selling company in Troy that saw its sales of weight- loss shakes and nutritional supplements. The company is also battling a federal lawsuit. But sales plummeted 4. A planned $1. 75- million IPO was abruptly canceled, sparking a shareholders'. Mitchell, Detroit Free Press)The lawsuit by the. Courts have ruled that a direct- selling company is legitimate when it makes most of its money selling. No Vi. Salus officials besides the security director. Follow him on Twitter @JCReindl. Vi. Salus facts. Created in Michigan in 2. Offices in Troy and Los Angeles. Was the second- biggest direct- selling firm in Michigan. Q & A Session Between ViSalus and Body by Vi Success Story . Hit $6. 23 million sales. ViSalus Vi-Shape Shake is a weight loss shake which is promoted to assist you with your weight loss goals by keeping you active and. ViSalus Vi-Shape Review. Vi; visalus; visalus; #ViResults; #ViExperts; #ViCeleb. Print and digital subscribers have unlimited access to stories. ViSalus has developed a leading platform for achieving weight-loss and fitness results. Body by Vi 90 Day Challenge Weight Loss Success Stories. Body by Vi Weight Loss Success Story. The Body By Vi Shape Kit powered by ViSalus. There are no guarantees that every person using this program will lose weight for sure.
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The Lean Mean Green Diet. Not entirely looking forward to this new found craze called the juice diet. Juicing Recipe: Mean Green. Cucumber juice is often recommended as a source of silicon to improve the complexion and health of the skin, plus cucumber. Drinking of lemon juice mixed with water and honey brings glow to the skin. Celery contains sodium, which has been called a youth maintainer in the body. It's loaded with minerals and contains vitamin C as well, which helps maintain elasticity of the skin. Ginger helps improve circulation to the skin. It is also a powerful cleansing agent that helps keep the skin free of blemishes. Apples contain vitamins A and C which prevent sagging skin, as well as copper for brightening and toning. Kale contains vitamins A, E, K, C and calcium, which fight free radicals leading to premature aging. It's day one of the torture diet and I already hate it. How can you enjoy drinking vegetable juice.I mean seriously people. If I wasn't so concerned about my health. Lean and Green Combined Salads Casseroles and 'Pasta' Just Green Vegetables Just Lean Chicken Ground Turkey Pork and Beef Seafood Soups Other 'Desserts'. The Lean And Green Diet Download The Lean And Green Diet in pdf, reading online The Lean And Green Diet ebooks, and get kindle books of The Lean And Green Diet.
Sample Ketogenic Diet Menu and Ketogenic Diet Snacks. Keeping your tastebuds entertained while following a keto diet does not have to be a struggle. Pour bien faire une di. TheKetogenicDiet.org is a resource for beginner and seasoned ketogenic dieters containing keto tips and tricks, diet plans, menus, recipes, and other ketogenic. Explore fabienne ferrary's board 'di. Diete Cetogene Bodybuilding Pictures ArnoldThere could be hidden carbs in the products used to preserve or “pad out” these foods, so make sure you are buying the lowest carb options and counting the carbs they do contain to ensure you don’t go over your daily limit. Avoid “low fat” foods. Because you aren’t eating many carbs, you need to ensure you are eating enough fat so that you have plenty of energy and to prevent your metabolism slowing down as your body thinks it is starving due to a low caloric intake (this inhibits weight loss and makes you feel off color). This means leaving the skin on chicken, and not cooking your meat on a fat reducing grill or similar. Feel free to use butter and oil in cooking, and ensure you buy full fat cheese and mayonnaise. In the low fat alternatives, the fat is often replaced by carbs. Drink tons of water. Ischemic colitis - Wikipedia. Ischemic colitis (also spelled ischaemic colitis) is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury of the large intestine result from inadequate blood supply. Although uncommon in the general population, ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly, and is the most common form of bowel ischemia. In most cases, no specific cause can be identified. Ischemic colitis can span a wide spectrum of severity; most patients are treated supportively and recover fully, while a minority with very severe ischemia may develop sepsis and become critically. Those with severe ischemia who develop complications such as sepsis, intestinal gangrene, or bowel perforation may require more aggressive interventions such as surgery and intensive care. Mahan Mathur Gillian Lieberman, MD CT evaluation of inflammatory conditions of the colon Mahan Mathur McGill Medicine Class of 2007. Advanced Clerkship in Radiology. Organ Transverse Colon including diseases and disorders affecting the Transverse Colon organ or body system. Most patients make a full recovery; occasionally, after severe ischemia, patients may develop long- term complications such as a stricture. Many patients get better and do not progress beyond this phase. A paralytic phase can follow if ischemia continues; in this phase, the abdominal pain becomes more widespread, the belly becomes more tender to the touch, and bowel motility decreases, resulting in abdominal bloating, no further bloody stools, and absent bowel sounds on exam. Finally, a shock phase can develop as fluids start to leak through the damaged colon lining. This can result in shock and metabolic acidosis with dehydration, low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and confusion. Patients who progress to this phase are often critically ill and require intensive care. Symptoms of ischemic colitis vary depending on the severity of the ischemia. The most common early signs of ischemic colitis include abdominal pain (often left- sided), with mild to moderate amounts of rectal bleeding. Non- occlusive ischemia develops because of low blood pressure or constriction of the vessels feeding the colon; occlusive ischemia indicates that a blood clot or other blockage has cut off blood flow to the colon. Non- occlusive ischemia. This condition is commonly asymptomatic, and usually only apparent through a systemic inflammatory response. Occlusive ischemia. Commonly the embolism is caused by atrial fibrillation, valvular disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiomyopathy. In addition, ischemic colitis is a well- recognized complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, when the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery is covered by the aortic graft. Bloody diarrhea and leukocytosis in the postoperative period are essentially diagnostic of ischemic colitis. The complication can be prevented through careful selection of subjects that may require replanting inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and completing the pre surgical procedure information with an instrumental evaluation during surgical treatment. Pink - supply from superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and its branches: middle colic, right colic, ileocolic arteries. Blue - supply from inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and its branches: left colic, sigmoid, superior rectal artery. Cannon- B. The blood supply from these two major arteries overlap, with abundant collateral circulation via the marginal artery of the colon. However, there are weak points, or . These watershed areas are most vulnerable to ischemia when blood flow decreases, as they have the fewest vascular collaterals. The rectum receives blood from both the inferior mesenteric artery and the internal iliac artery; the rectum is rarely involved by colonic ischemia due to this dual blood supply. Development of ischemia. The arteries feeding the colon are very sensitive to vasoconstrictors; presumably this is an evolutionary adaptation to shunt blood away from the bowel and to the heart and brain in times of stress. Tive colitis lead full, happy, and productive lives. A oduction t astrointes-n (GI) act. TRANSVERSE COLON SMALL INTESTINE RECTUM ANUS 4 5 at ect. Colitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the colon. There are many causes of colitis, for example, infections (food poisoning from E. Researchers have not found that eating, diet. Ulcerative Colitis Colorectal Cancer Rectal Cancer Colon Cancer Hirschsprung Disease Constipation. This vasoconstriction can result in non- occlusive ischemic colitis. Pathologic findings. In its mildest form, mucosal and submucosal hemorrhage and edema are seen, possibly with mild necrosis or ulceration. It is also important to differentiate ischemic colitis, which often resolves on its own, from the more immediately life- threatening condition of acute mesenteric ischemia of the small bowel. There are devices which test the sufficiency of oxygen delivery to the colon. The first device approved by the U. S. FDA in 2. 00. 4 uses visible light spectroscopy to analyze capillary oxygen levels. Use during Aortic Aneurysm repair detected when colon oxygen levels fell below sustainable levels, allowing real- time repair. In several studies, Specificity has been 9. This device must be placed using endoscopy, however. There are no specific blood tests for ischemic colitis. The sensitivity of tests among 7. Ischemic colitis has a distinctive endoscopic appearance; endoscopy can also facilitate alternate diagnoses such as infection or inflammatory bowel disease. Biopsies can be taken via endoscopy to provide more information. Visible light spectroscopy, performed using catheters placed through the 5 mm channel of the endoscope, is diagnostic (see Diagnosis). Treatment. IV fluids are given to treat dehydration, and the patient is placed on bowel rest (meaning nothing to eat or drink) until the symptoms resolve. If possible, cardiac function and oxygenation should be optimized to improve oxygen delivery to the ischemic bowel. A nasogastric tube may be inserted if an ileus is present. Antibiotics are sometimes given in moderate to severe cases; the data supporting this practice date to the 1. If they develop worsening symptoms and signs such as high white blood cell count, fever, worsened abdominal pain, or increased bleeding, then they may require surgical intervention; this usually consists of laparotomy and bowel resection. Epidemiology. Ischemic colitis is responsible for about 1 in 2. Patients with pre- existing peripheral vascular disease or ischemia of the ascending (right) colon may be at increased risk for complications or death. Non- gangrenous ischemic colitis, which comprises the vast majority of cases, is associated with a mortality rate of approximately 6%. Chronic ischemic colitis is often treated with surgical removal of the chronically diseased portion of the bowel. A colonic stricture is a band of scar tissue which forms as a result of the ischemic injury and narrows the lumen of the colon. Strictures are often treated observantly; they may heal spontaneously over 1. If a bowel obstruction develops as a result of the stricture, surgical resection is the usual treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. American Gastrointestinal Association. Medina C, Vilaseca J, Videla S, Fabra R, Armengol- Miro J, Malagelada J (2. The Guardian newspaper. Retrieved 2. 9 August 2. Hepatogastroenterology. Ischemic colitis and chronic mesenteric ischemia. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. Der Chirurg (in German). Minerva Chirurgica (in Italian). Anatomy and physiology. The Journal of surgical research. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (7th ed.). An ever- changing spectrum? Hepatogastroenterology. HIIT Bike Fat Loss Workout = https://www.youtube.com. Why Cycling Is The BEST Sport for Weight Loss. How to Burn Fat Cycling : Exercise Tips. Can cycling help you lose weight? We look at how exercise by cycling helps. Cycling for Weight Loss? See how cycling and other exercise can help you to lose. What It Is, How It Works, and More. Ready to give indoor cycling a spin? Prepare to drip with sweat, get your blood pumping, and want to come back for more. Indoor cycling classes help you shed fat, improve your heart health, and boost your muscle endurance. Your legs will get a serious workout. By the end of class, you. Or you can join one of the popular cycling boutiques, like Flywheel, which combines indoor cycling with a weighted workout for your arms, or Soul. Cycle, which adds mind- body exercise to its bike routine. Plan to do 3- 5 classes a week for best results. Or add 1- 2 classes a week into your workout routine. Classes usually last about 4. An instructor will lead the class through different types of cycling, like uphill climbs, bursts of speed, and short recovery periods with easy pedaling. They usually face the same direction, either toward the instructor or a mirror. The instructor chooses music to go along with each phase of the class. She may play an upbeat song for 5 minutes as you pedal as fast as you can. Then she may play a slower tune while you catch your breath and pedal slowly. You may bike for 5 minutes with a lot of resistance, to mimic riding up a major hill, with a song to match the mood. Some instructors use imagery to keep you going. And you should be proud of what you accomplished. Indoor Cycling for Fitness and Weight Loss. Indoor cycling class is a high- energy workout on a stationary bike, set to music and sometimes combined with strength training, yoga, or Pilates. You can get it in your cycling classes, too. Your instructor should check your bike to make sure it fits. They should also review safety information. Instructors double as motivational speakers or drill sergeants, helping you power through. There is a learning curve, so give yourself time to get the hang of it. As with any form of exercise, listen to your body. Stay hydrated by drinking water throughout the class. Music is part of the experience and it can be pretty loud, especially if your bike is parked next to the speakers. Some studios offer earplugs to cyclers who want to turn down or tune out the music. Is it bad for your hearing? According to Brian Fligor, Sc. D, the director of diagnostic audiology at Children's Hospital Boston, this depends on how loud the music is and how often you are exposed. If it falls below 1. I can imagine this being a very compelling experience that you would want to have again and again. Cycling Events in 2015. Bike Fit is perfect for those wishing to include cycling as part of their exercise routine for weight loss. Cycling For Fitness and Weight Loss. Cycling Workouts on an Exercise Bike. 5 Cycling Weight-Loss. Cycling tips and workout ideas and information about bikes and biking gear to help you buy the right bike. Diets & Weight Loss. We've got the cycling. Cycling is one of the easiest ways to fit exercise into your daily routine because it's also a form. Sign up for weight loss.Everything you need to know about an indoor cycling. Diet & Weight Management; Weight Loss. Spin to Slim Workout Plan. When you can't make it to a class, try this new DIY routine. Indoor Cycling routine that YOU can do. Posts about indoor cycling/spinning workouts and music mixes written by. Exercise for Weight Loss--what's more. 308 reviews of 24 Hour Fitness 'This gym is small and attached into a plaza with a nice grocery store next to it. It has a child care center for those who are parents who just can't leave their kids at home and also a small compact. 24 Hour Fitness is seeking diverse candidates for a Personal Trainer in Milpitas, CA. View the listing and apply now. We serve Equal Opportunity Employers and are an Equal Opportunity Employer. The Professional Diversity. Hour Fitness 3. 01 Jacklin Rd Milpitas, CA Exercise Programs. Si no tienes una cuenta de Facebook, puedes crear una. 307 reviews of 24 Hour Fitness 'INSIDE is pretty big. It's not a super sport but it's also not a dinky 24 hour. I give 4 stars because they have a Group X room with wood floors they let people use when group classes aren't going on. Welcome to 24 Hour Fitness Making the decision to join a gym is a great first step towards improving your health and quality of life. At 24 Hour Fitness, we are here to help make your gym experience fun, effective and. 24 Hour Fitness jobs in Milpitas, CA Filter results by: Sort by: relevance - date Distance: Salary Estimate $20,000+ (140) $25,000+ (135) $30,000+ (92) $35,000+ (34) $40,000+ (12) Job Type Part-time (184) Full-time (40) (30). Find 49 listings related to 24 Hour Fitness Locations in Milpitas on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for 24 Hour Fitness Locations locations in Milpitas, CA. 24 Hour Fitness - Milpitas, CA, Milpitas, CA. Welcome to the fan page for our 24 Hour Fitness. Facebook Email or Phone Password Forgot account? 24 Hour Fitness Milpitas YelpSerotonin: What It is and Why It's Important for Weight Loss. Serotonin is nature's own appetite suppressant. This powerful brain chemical curbs cravings and shuts off appetite. This article concludes that dietary choline and tryptophan could influence motivational state. Investigates the link between diet and motivational state. In particular, examines how the neurotransmitter precursors choline and tryptophan are derived from the diet, how. 30 Responses to Tryptophan, Milk and Depression Adam September 2, 2010 at 2:11 pm # Thanks for this. Serotonin Power Diet Day 1 - The Sugar Addict and serotonin Monday, March 30, 2009 Well, today is the day that I have decided to try a completely new approach to weight loss and binge control. My new plan is based on the 'Serotonin Power Diet' by Judith. Anti Serotonin Guide (Lifestyle/ Diet) Discussion in 'Health' started by jaywills, Jun 4, 2015. Tags: health Thread Tools Thread Tools Print. The theory behind this diet is that tryptophan will get converted into serotonin, while carbohydrates make serotonin more available. Unfortunately many people eating foods that are supposed to increase serotonin levels don't notice any change in their mood or. Serotonin For Weight Loss Prorgams, Diet Plans and Appetite Suppression. Best Supplements to boost Serotonin levels and promote fat loss results. Menu Nootropics Racetams Piracetam Aniracetam Oxiracetam. Calorie Restriction Diet Plans Home Shop Recipes Memberships About the CR Way Why It Works Tag Archives: tryptophan serotonin Serotonin Influences Friendship, Weight Loss and Longevity Posted on Tuesday, April 2nd, 2013 at 1:19 pm. It makes you feel satisfied even if your stomach is not full. The result is eating less and losing weight. A natural mood regulator, serotonin makes you feel emotionally stable, less anxious, more tranquil and even more focused and energetic. Serotonin can be made only after sweet or starchy carbohydrates are eaten. More than 3. 0 years ago, extensive studies at MIT carried out by Richard Wurtman, M. D., showed that tryptophan, the building block of serotonin, could get into the brain only after sweet or starchy carbohydrates were eaten. Although tryptophan is an amino acid and found in all protein, eating protein prevents tryptophan from passing through a barrier from the blood into the brain. The reason is simply numbers: Tryptophan competes for an entry point into the brain with some other amino acids. There are more of those other amino acids in the blood than tryptophan after protein is eaten. So in the competition to get into the brain, tryptophan is at a total disadvantage and very little gets in after a protein meal like turkey or snack like yogurt. But carbohydrates tip the odds in tryptophan's favor. All carbohydrates (except fruit) are digested to glucose in the intestinal tract. When glucose enters the bloodstream, insulin is released and pushes nutrients such as amino acids into the cells of the heart, liver and other organs. As it does this, tryptophan stays behind in the bloodstream. Now there is more tryptophan in the blood than the competing amino acids. As the blood passes by the barrier into the brain, tryptophan can get in. The tryptophan is immediately converted to serotonin, and the soothing and appetite controlling effects of this brain chemical are soon felt. Our studies with volunteers found that when people consumed a pre- meal carbohydrate drink that made more serotonin, they became less hungry and were able to control their calorie intake. Volunteers whose drinks contained protein - - so that serotonin was not made - - did not experience any decrease in their appetite. Most of us have experienced the carbohydrate- serotonin effect on our appetite even though we were not aware of the connection. Have you ever munched on rolls or bread while waiting for the main course to be served in a restaurant? By the time dinner is served, twenty minutes or so after you ate the roll, your appetite has been downsized. It is caused by new serotonin putting a brake on your appetite. Successful weight loss depends on the power of serotonin to control food intake. The carbohydrate- serotonin connection has a direct impact on our emotional state, too. Drugs that increase serotonin activity have been used for several decades as a therapy for mood disorders. However, our studies showed that natural changes in serotonin could have a profound impact on daily fluctuations in mood, energy levels and attention. In one of our early studies, we found that our volunteers became slightly depressed, anxious, tired, and irritable around 3 to 5 pm every day. At the same time, they experienced, in the words of one volunteer . Carbohydrate cravers who consume a sweet or starchy snack are increasing serotonin naturally. We carried out careful clinical studies to measure the effect of carbohydrates on mood and to make sure that the effect was not just due to taste or the effect of taking a break from work. Volunteers, all carbohydrate cravers, were given a carbohydrate or protein- containing food or drink that had identical tastes. Their moods, concentration and energy were measured before and after they consumed the test beverages. The carbohydrate serotonin- producing beverage improved their moods but the protein- containing beverage had no effect on either their mood or their appetite. Eating carbohydrates allows serotonin to restore your good mood and increase your emotional energy. Eating low or fat- free, protein- free carbohydrates in the correct amounts and at specific times potentiates serotonin's ability to increase satiety. You will eat less, feel more satisfied and lose weight. Here are five tips to get serotonin working for you: Eat the carbohydrate on an empty stomach to avoid interference from protein from a previous meal or snack. Wait about 3 hours after a meal containing protein. The carbohydrate food such as graham crackers or pretzels should contain between 2. The carbohydrate can be sweet or starchy. High- fiber carbohydrates take a long time to digest and are not recommended for a rapid improvement in mood or decrease in pre- meal appetite. Eat them as part of the daily food plan instead for their nutritional value. The protein content of the snack should not exceed 4 grams. To avoid eating too many calories and slowing down digestion, avoid snacks containing more than 3 grams of fat. Do not continue to eat after you have consumed the correct amount of food. It will take about 2. Eating more carbohydrates during the interval is unnecessary and may cause weight gain. Stress may increase your need for serotonin and make it harder to control food intake. Prevent this by shifting protein intake to the early part of the day; i. Eating a carbohydrate dinner with very little protein increases serotonin sufficiently to prevent after dinner nibbling. And the soothing effect of the serotonin prevents stress from interfering with sleep. Boost Serotonin to switch off your appetite and turn on a good mood. Wurtman, Ph. D and Nina T. Frusztajer, MD, authors of The Serotonin Power Diet: Eat Carbs - - Nature's Own Appetite Suppressant - - to Stop Emotional Overeating and Halt Antidepressant- Associated Weight Gain. Serotonin Diet: Food That Gives You A Lift Serotonin, a naturally occurring chemical in our bodies, has a significant effect on mood and appetite. Most of the antidepressant medications prescribed today work by raising serotonin levels in the brain. Some foods are really rich in serotonin, and can raise your spirits. Some people may be better off using prescription antidepressants, but diet can help mood problems. There are significant links between what we put in our bodies and how we feel emotionally. Silver, MD (Rodale, 2. Facebook. Wir verwenden Cookies, um Inhalte zu personalisieren, Werbeanzeigen ma. Wenn du auf unsere Webseite klickst oder hier navigierst, stimmst du der Erfassung von Informationen durch Cookies auf und au. Weitere Informationen zu unseren Cookies und dazu, wie du die Kontrolle dar. Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) FAMILY: Cheloniidae STATUS: Endangered throughout its range (Federal Register, June 2, 1970). Atlantic Hawksbill Sea Turtle: species description, life history, distribution and habitat, status, management and research needs. Hawksbill sea turtles have two pairs of prefrontal plates between the eyes. The adult's keeled shell is amber with streaks of red. Blane Perun's TheSea: The hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is aptly named, as it has a distinct hawk-like beak. Of the family Cheloniidae,the hawksbill is consider #hawksbillseaturtle. Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is aptly named, as it has a distinct hawk-like beak. Of the family Cheloniidae,the. One can see that a hawksbill sea turtle diet is varied, but they will also consume other items. Some researchers believe the Eastern Pacific hawksbill is likely the most endangered sea turtle population worldwide. Their scientific name is Eretmochelys imbricata.
Background: A 50-item self-administered food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed for French adults, to assess the intake of energy, 10 macronutrients, 11 vitamins, and 11 minerals, and to be used in the context of a. Tillac - Room 'Au Jardin' In an old farmhouse with great charm, you willl discover our three spacious rooms, classified 4 epis (Gites de France). LDL- cholesterol- lowering effect of a dietary supplement with plant extracts in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, Agewall S, Alegria E, Chapman MJ, Durrington P, Erdine S, Halcox J, Hobbs R, Kjekshus J, Filardi PP, Riccardi G, Storey RF, Wood D, Bax J, Vahanian A, Auricchio A, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Deaton C, Fagard R, Filippatos G, Funck- Brentano C, Hasdai D, Hoes A, Kearney P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Mc. Donagh T, Moulin C, Poldermans D, Popescu BA, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Vardas P, Widimsky P, Windecker S, Berkenboom G, De Graaf J, Descamps O, Gotcheva N, Griffith K, Guida GF, Gulec S, Henkin Y, Huber K, Kesaniemi YA, Lekakis J, Manolis AJ, Marques- Vidal P, Masana L, Mc. Murray J, Mendes M, Pagava Z, Pedersen T, Prescott E, Rato Q, Rosano G, Sans S, Stalenhoef A, Tokgozoglu L, Viigimaa M, Wittekoek ME, Zamorano JL (2. ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Rats are popular today in other types of research, such as psychological and biological tests, because they're easy to use. Their light food consumption makes them economical in the lab. It is possible to evaluate the effects of minute amounts of experimental material on rats - - a test that is impractical with larger animals. Physiologically, rats are similar to other single- stomached animals, except for their lack of a gall bladder and their diffuse pancreas, an organ that is well- formed in other monogastric animals. Three bile ducts lead directly from the liver to the duodenum. The best research results are obtained from uniformly sized rats that are produced in closed colonies. By using rats from the same source you can ensure uniformity of size, good reproduction, and fewer genetic variations. Frequent handling of the animals will make them gentle and easier to control. Handling will permit you to check them for physical defects and the presence of external parasites. A gentle, firm grip around the thoracic cavity is comfortable for the rat, while still restricting movement. Young rats usually have to become accustomed to handling gradually because they are so playful and active. Psychological tests have proved that rats are highly intelligent and sensitive. They need attention and will usually come to the front of their cages when a human being approaches. Rats will stay cooperative and easily manageable if they are treated kindly and if their cage area is kept clean and quiet. Strains of inbred mice are a special category of animals for research uses. Usually inbred mice have higher mortality and poorer growth rates than outbred mice. They are subject to cannibalism, uneven temperaments, and some birth defects. But these mice do serve important functions. Breeders, for example, have developed inbred strains of mice that are susceptible to muscular dystrophy, a debilitating human disease whose cure is still unknown. The laboratory uses of the hamster are similar to those of other rodents, but they are used less often because their reactions to tests are not. Rodents; Guinea Pigs; Rabbits; Primates; Amphibian / Reptile. Hamsters - Nutritional Requirements. Your hamster may like an occasional treat. There are a number of nutritionally balanced diets for hamsters on the market. Effects of high fat diets on hibernation and adipose tissue in Turkish hamsters Timothy. Effects of high fat diets on hibernation and adipose tissue in Turkish h amsters. Various strains are bred to have other inborn errors of metabolism that aid the biologist in gaining an in- depth knowledge of abnormal reactions. Gentle handling of the mouse is important because it affects its disposition. Gloves or forceps should never be used to pick up a mouse. It's easier to catch the active mouse if you use your hand as a dipper and hold the mouse's body gently in the palm of your hand, letting the head stick out between your thumb and forefinger. Individual mice are hard to differentiate in a group. The ear punch method of marking is a practical way to identify up to 1. If more than 1. 00 are in a colony, toe clipping and fur dyeing can be used as alternative methods. Three types of hamsters are commonly used in laboratory research: the Golden hamster, the European hamster, and the Chinese hamster. The Golden hamster, also known as the Syrian Golden hamster, is the most popular in U. S. It is also used frequently in many other countries. This breed's name may be misleading, since its color may range from albino to dark brown with a light gray belly. The Golden hamster has twice as many chromosomes as the other breeds, with 4. It has a friendly, gentle disposition and it more easily adapts to captivity than the European or Chinese hamsters, making it preferred among breeders and researchers. The European hamster is also known as a black- bellied hamster for a good reason; it has a black belly and brown back. This strain is rarely used outside of Europe. The Chinese hamster is used frequently in Asia for laboratory research. It has striped sides, thus is sometimes referred to as a striped hamster. The hamster is prolific, easy to handle and able to resist infection, useful qualities in a research environment.
Hamsters are docile animals if they are treated kindly and given a comfortable cage. During the day they often sleep, but at night they are very active and require room in which to exercise. They enjoy playing on exercise wheels. Anatomically, the hamster is more like the rat than any other member of the rodent family. Its large cheek pouches and short stubby tail clearly distinguish it from other lab rodents. The pouches are valuable to researchers interested in studying circulation because part of the circulatory system is very near the surface in this area. The laboratory uses of the hamster are similar to those of other rodents, but they are used less often because their reactions to tests are not yet well known. The hamster has been shown to have a more specific reaction to certain experiments, such as those involving growth of cancerous tumors. Besides cancer research, hamsters are used in diabetes and radiation research and in vascular physiology studies.
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